S'està reproduint dilluns, 14 de gener de 1991

American TV News Networks Prepare for War

Date: 15 January 1991

By David Gonzalez

David Gonzalez

As American troops get ready for a possible Mideast war, their endgame preparations are being paralleled by the nation's television networks, who say they think getting the story on air might prove as daunting as reporting it. The four major news networks have spent the weekend putting the finishing touches on their own war plans, positioning their last complements of correspondents and crews, including a few who are hunkered down in Baghdad, Iraq. Back home, sets, taped background stories and an array of military and political commentators and analysts await their own deployment.

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Credibility, Too, Is a Victim Of the Repression in Vilnius

Date: 15 January 1991

By Esther B. Fein, Special To the New York Times

Esther

Yelena Trifanova turned on her television Sunday evening to hear the latest news about events in Lithuania and, she said, she felt as if she had stepped back in time, to the years before Mikhail S. Gorbachev became the Soviet leader and began encouraging honest and truthful reporting. The announcer described the army's killing of pro-independence demonstrators in the Lithuanian capital, Vilnius, as a defensive action, and the story he told was completely different from what she had heard earlier in radio reports by the B.B.C., Radio Liberty and the Voice of America.

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The Kremlin Revives an Old Refrain

Date: 15 January 1991

By Craig R. Whitney, Special To the New York Times

Craig Whitney

The official Soviet explanation for the military intervention in Lithuania, belying President Mikhail S. Gorbachev's recent policies of glasnost, strongly resembles official explanations by his predecessors of the invasions of Hungary in 1956, Czechoslovakia in 1968, and Afghanistan in 1979. Mr. Gorbachev may have disavowed Stalinism and neo-Stalinism, but he has clearly not cured Soviet decision-making of its trademark reflex: to clothe the naked assertion of state power with Communist ideology, however transparent.

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Newspapers Raising Prices as Advertising Falls

Date: 14 January 1991

By Alex S. Jones

Alex Jones

Across the country, newspaper prices have been increasing in a trend that has not been seen since the early 1980's, when prices jumped to their current levels. While nearly 90 percent of the nation's newspapers now sell on newsstands or in racks for 25 cents or 35 cents apiece, several industry executives said they expect most papers to sell for at least 35 cents or even 50 cents within two years.

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Americans Don't Expect Short War

Date: 15 January 1991

By Andrew Rosenthal

Andrew Rosenthal

A majority of Americans say they are satisfied that President Bush has done everything he should to prevent war in the Persian Gulf. But the country remains deeply divided over whether fighting Iraq is the right policy, and most people do not expect the short war with relatively low casualties that Mr. Bush and his officials have talked about, the latest New York Times/CBS News poll shows. While the poll suggests that Mr. Bush has been able to maintain public approval for his handling of the crisis, with 58 percent saying they approve and 33 percent saying they disapprove, it also shows where his political vulnerabilities may lie. And it provides the most detailed view to date of Americans' gloomy expectations about what a war in the gulf would be like.

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NEWS SUMMARY

Date: 14 January 1991

International A2-12 Lithuania was put under martial law after a faceless National Salvation Committee seized power with the support of the Soviet Army. At least 13 people were killed and 164 wounded in the crackdown. Page A1 Demonstrators marched in Moscow, angrily denouncing President Gorbachev for the deadly use of force in Lithuania. The Kremlin defended the attack, blaming the Lithuanians for starting the violence. A6 Other Soviet republics now fear similar military crackdowns A8 President Bush condemned Moscow for the crackdown, saying there was "no justification for the use of force." While he took no immediate steps to punish Moscow, he said the events set back the process of reform. A1 European Community warns the Soviets about economic aid A8 Germany reacts with extraordinary shock and outrage A8 Lithuanian-Americans fear the world's attention is elsewhere A7 News analysis: Comparisons to 1956 are inevitable as events seem to spin out of control in two regions. Then it was Soviet repression in Hungary rather than Lithuania, war in Suez rather than in the gulf. A7 No progress was reported in talks between the U.N. Secretary General and President Hussein, who repeatedly put off their meeting. The Secretary General said "only God knows" whether there will be a war. A1 The supply of oil in the United States would not be disrupted by a war in the Persian Gulf, oil company executives and Government officials say. But they warned that prices might surge if panic buying drains stocks. A1 Agreement on the timing of an attack has been reached with all the nations aligned against Iraq except Syria, Secretary of State Baker said, indi-cating the coalition was ready to attack anytime after the deadline. A9 Turkey agrees to let the U.S. use its air bases in a war A9 Jordan deploys thousands of troops on West Bank border A9 Rebuffing the U.S., Israel says it will respond if Iraq attacks A10 Palestinians in occupied territories are unprepared for war A10 War jitters in Saudi Arabia as visitors flee and traffic snarls A10 The nation's mood on the eve of war is somber, divided and apprehensive. As the months of diplomacy came down to days, Americans are caught between a desire for peace and a sense of international duty. A1 News analysis: The vote in Congress affirmed President Bush's policy, as those who had fought for sanctions rather than war vowed to stand behind him regardless. The vote nonetheless showed divisions. A11 Representative Solarz moves from 60's dove to 90's hawk A11 Resisters are turning against the military life they chose A12 At least 40 South Africans were killed and 50 others were injured in a melee at a soccer match in a gold-mining town 80 miles southwest of Johannesburg. Fans' objections to a referee's call sparked the rioting. A3 Johannesburg Journal: An unusual ambassador to the U.S. A4 Talks between Greece and Albania fail to resolve crisis A5 National A14-15, B7-8 Governors are warning of hard times at a time they are normally upbeat about the future. The state of the state addresses by both Republican and Democrats warned of fiscal constraints, cuts and more taxes. A14 St. Louis received an economic blow when the Pentagon scrapped plans for a new Navy attack aircraft. The McDonnell Douglas Corporation, one of the plane's builders, laid off one out of every seven workers. A14 Accounting firm dismisses 300 of its 1,875 partners D1 Maker of military supplies and Rolodexes files for bankruptcy D1 The investigation of five Senators has painted two pictures of their actionson behalf of Charles Keating. In the most cynical view, they were motivated by greed; in the most sympathetic, they simply did their job. B8 Barbara Bush breaks her leg in sledding accident A14 California's orange crop was ruined by an unusual freeze lasting more than a week. Officials say 90 percent of the navel oranges were destroyed. Loss estimates are in the hundreds of millions of dollars. B7 E.P.A. resists effort to sway report on electromagnetic fields A15 Satellite releases clouds of green, purple and red vapors A15 Regional B1-6 More than $500 million in new taxes and $1 billion in service cuts will be proposed by Mayor Dinkins to balance the city's budget for the coming fiscal year. Most of the tax increase would fall on property owners. B1 Mayor Dinkins criticized the report by an independent city investigator that found troubling circumstantial evidence that the Mayor may have lied about a disputed stock transaction with his son. B3 Political Memo: D'Amato aide in line to be G.O.P. leader B3 Teachers at P.S. 94 are pessimistic. The north Bronx school, which in the past has demonstrated optimism despite the odds, faces budget cuts that would add to the hardships already caused by lack of resources. A1 The Department of Transportation has been wracked by divisions. A policy dispute led to the dismissal of the deputy commissioner for bridges, but deeper than that lies the reality of the city's financial straits. B1 Chief of bridges to seek adviceon bridge budget and repairs B5 Protesters marched in Bensonhurst. The Rev. Al Sharpton and the Rev. Jesse Jackson appealed for calm in the wake of Mr. Sharpton's stabbing, but not everyone was in a conciliatory frame of mind. B1 A few jeers greeted the protesters, but residents seemed mostly weary. They were sorry that Mr. Sharpton had been stabbed in their neighborhood, in part because it would mean more anger and more marches. B4 Trial to begin in love-triangle slaying in Westchester B4 Is Times Square dying? To certain devotees, the answer is painfully clear: The Victory, where they once watched "Hot Saddle Tramp" and "One-Armed Sholin Temple Master," will soon present Shakespeare. B1 New Jersey acquires Atlantic City's airport B2 Business Digest D1 SportsMonday Baseball: Backman and Dykstra, together again C7 Basketball: Vandeweghe comes alive C5 Blazers beat Nets C5 St. John's routs UConn C7 Boxing: Tyson undercard to include Chavez C6 Column: Anderson on the Giants C2 Features: Question Box C7 Football: Giants beat Bears C1 Raiders oust Bengals C1 Giants' defense makes the right move C1 Carter's trek back from misery C3 Bills riding high C4 Golf: Shoal Creek decision changes game C6 Improbable victory for Mickelson C6 Outdoors: Cooking the catch completes the hunt C10 Obituaries B12 Eddie C. Moore, advocate for the disabled Arts/Entertainment Artists on the move C11 Arts leaders fear cuts C11 Salzburg welcomes the Cleveland C11 Music: Bell Biv DeVoe at Garden C11 Julie Holtzman, pianist C14 Dance: Shelley Lee company C14 City Ballet with debuts C15 Word and Image: "The Last Fine Time" C15 TV movies vs. the Government C16 Cold fusion in a jar C16 Editorials/Letters/Op-Ed Editorials A16 The new old face of tyranny Blind rage in Bensonhurst The bridge time bomb Topics: Baghdad Betty Letters A16 William Safire: Gorby's black berets A17 Anthony Lewis: Presidential power A17 A letter from Kuwait A17 Gary C. Hufbauer and Kimberly A. Elliott: Sanctions A17 Neediest Cases B3

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NEWS SUMMARY

Date: 14 January 1991

THE ECONOMY A war in the Persian Gulf may not create oil shortages in the U.S., oil company executives, Government officials and other experts say. But they caution that prices might surge if panic buying drains supplies from gas stations and product distributors. In addition, a war is expected to cut Saudi exports by more than a third, as oilfield workers flee and operations are closed. [ Page A1. ] Facing tough times, retailers are asking themselves whether they should play it safe or take chances with bold marketing and merchandising strategies. Industry leaders gather today for the National Retail Federation meeting. [ D1. ] Federal officials plan to offer purchasers in an auction next month financing for up to to 85 percent of the price of dozens of apartment buildings in Texas that the Government acquired in the savings industry bailout. [ D2. ] States from coast to coast are cutting spending and raising taxes as their economies deteriorate. [ A14. ] COMPANIES KPMG Peat Marwick plans to dismiss about 300 partners of the large accounting firm, or roughly one out of six. The move is further evidence of an industry contraction that has already forced several accounting firms to merge and driven two out of business. [ D1. ] Insilco, which makes Rolodex files, sought bankruptcy protection from its creditors. The company has $764 million in debt, including $530 million in high-interest "junk bonds." [ D1. ] A series of errors allowed an A.T.& T. employee to cut a vital cable by mistake on Jan. 4. The errors seriously delayed the restoration of long-distance service to New York City and surrounding areas. [ D1. ] THE MEDIA BUSINESS NBC is about to enter tough negotiations with the producers of its four highest-rated comedies at a time when it needs its established hit shows more than ever. At stake: whether the shows will remain on NBC next season, and at what cost. [ D1. ] Bookstores are crowded as never before with biographies and autobiographies filled with charges and countercharges, accusations and invectives, as publishers chase a growing market that promises rich rewards. [ D10. ] Newspaper prices are increasing across the country in a trend that has not been seen since the early 1980's, when prices jumped to their current levels. [ D10. ] Tony Schwartz, the advertising legend, is joining the peace corps. But this "peace corps" is the Media Peace Corps, a for-profit operation that will help corporations and foundations promote social changes. Randall Rothenberg: Adscene. [ D10. ] Life magazine may become a weekly publication again after Time Warner conducts some tests of potential readers. [ D10. ] A new marketing study is analyzing the buying habits of Asian-American consumers. Advertising. [ D11. ] INTERNATIONAL Poland's campaign to sell five big state-owned companies seems to have been a disappointment. Friday was the deadline for sale of stock in the companies, the first to be sold by the Government. And while the results are not yet complete, the public's enthusiasm for the stock seemed mixed at best. [ D1. ] The founder of the Saison Group plans to step down from active management of the large Japanese conglomerate and hand over authority to a collective leadership. [ D7. ] TODAY'S COLUMNS The stock of Glaxo Holdings has slipped in recent weeks as traders and analysts are asking whether the company can produce another best-seller like Zantac, its ulcer drug. Market Place. [ D8. ] The credit markets are nervously awaiting Tuesday's deadline for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait. If war breaks out, analysts say, investors will probably put even more money into short-term instruments like Treasury bills and sell bonds. Credit Markets. [ D9. ]

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NEWS SUMMARY

Date: 15 January 1991

INTERNATIONAL A2-13 The United States girded for war, perhaps as early as this week, as hopes for a peaceful settlement in the Persian Gulf crisis faded. The Iraqi Ambassador to Washington was recalled by Baghdad. Page A1 The Iraqi Parliament voted for war, unanimously vowing to follow President Hussein into a final "showdown" over the invasion of Kuwait. The meeting was interrupted by calls for a holy war against the U.S. A1 January 15: A diplomatic deal becomes an imminent threat A10 Iraq tightened its defenses in Kuwait and stepped up aircraft training. The preparations have persuaded many that Iraq is determined to go to war. American ground forces continued to pour into Saudi Arabia. A1 American troops' nerve-racking wait may be near an end. As their hopes for last-minute diplomacy were virtually dashed, many soldiers agreed that a war was inevitable and began final preparations. A1 American fighter pilots expect a difficult fight in Iraq A11 Kuwait threatens to retaliate against civilian targets in Iraq A13 Eleventh-hour appeals were issued by France and three Arab countries, urging Iraq to announce its withdrawal. In return, they would ask the Security Council to promise Iraq it would not be attacked. A12 European Community plans no last-minute peace initiative A12 Demonstrators in Jordan burn American flags, hail Hussein A13 Foreigners flee Israel; airlines suspend flights A13 Americans remain divided over war, though most say they are satisfied that President Bush has done all he could to prevent it, a new poll shows. Many have gloomy expectations about what a war would be like. A11 Prayer vigils and antiwar protests were held across the country. In New York City, demonstrators marched down Broadway and clashed with police officers at Union Square. More rallies are scheduled today. A15 The Vietnam generation is torn. Where once it was certain about so many things, it is finding the decision to support or protest war, this time in the Middle East, more complicated than it was two decades ago. A14 Washington Talk: The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution's legacy A10 El Cajon Journal: For Iraqis in California, a "civil war" A14 Two top P.L.O. leaders were killed by a gunman in Tunis. The leaders were among the closest and most influential aides of the chairman of the organization, Yasir Arafat. A bodyguard was also killed. A1 Lithuania brought on the crackdown, President Gorbachev said, blaming leaders of the republic's separatist Parliament. He did not disavow the attack, but said that he had found out about it after it happened. A1 The violence in Lithuania continued as the pro-Soviet National Salvation Committee captured the independence government's last radio outlet and threatened more bloodshed if the government did not capitulate. A1 News analysis: Has Gorbachev lost control? A6 In Moscow, glasnost's credibility is a victim of the crackdown A7 Bush is reluctant to respond with stringent measures A7 Warsaw Journal: Democratic Poland is a test for the church A4 Greek Albanians will be allowed to cross the Greek border A5 China executed 1,000 people in 1990, perhaps doubling or tripling the total for the previous year. Not since 1983, when a power struggle led to 5,000 to 10,000 executions, have so many people been sentenced to death. A2 A growing, diverse India begins national census A3 U.N. group in Hong Kong rebuked for advice to refugees A8 Nicaragua's economy is worsening amid large deficits and continued high military spending. The inauguration of President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro had raised expectations of a quick economic turnaround. A3 NATIONAL A14-17, A20, B6 The libel suit against Janet Malcolm went before the Supreme Court. Dr. Jeffrey Masson, a well-known critic of Freudian analysis, charges that she deliberately misquoted him in an 1983 article in The New Yorker. A16 A political party's right to endorse candidates for offices that a state has designated as nonpartisan will be decided by the Supreme Court. At issue is a provision of California's Constitution that bars such activity. A16 Suspect in Evers slaying to be returned to Mississippi A17 Californian faces charges forkeeping AIDS infection secret A20 The priorities of the 102d Congress were laid out by Republican and Democratic leaders. They include campaigns financing, education, child welfare, energy conservation, and an overhaul of banking systems. A20 Killing of five in Boston raises fear of Asian gang wars B6 United Church of Christ urges a fight against rising racism B6 After Hammer, Occidental Petroleum shifts direction D1 New frequent-flier deals attract few new passengers D1 REGIONAL B1-5 A plan to close 41 fire companies in New York City has been abandoned by the Dinkins administration. But officials are going ahead with plans to cut $430 million in spending at the city's schools next year. A1 The taxable value of real estate in New York City fell by 7 percent last year, city officials estimated. The decline -- the first in a decade -- confirms that the city's real-estate market has tumbled sharply. B1 Elevated freight line in Manhattan being razed amid protests B3 Family Court has been inundated by families torn apart by homelessness, drugs and poverty. For one woman trying to get her children back, the path through the overburdened court is littered with obstacles. B1 The trial of a Westchester teacher accused of killing her lover's wife began with opening statements. The prosecution said she was driven by a "consuming desire," but the defense said the case was a frame-up. B1 Murder trial in the Bronx focuses on battered-wife issue B3 The Gotti case: How prosecutors's feuds hinder inquires B4 Suffolk County is in turmoil. The County Executive, Patrick G. Halpin, has sued the County Legislature over whose budget will take effect, leaving services and more than 160 workers hanging in the balance. B1 Gift to Barnard College honors Iphigene Sulzberger B5 Neediest Cases B5 BUSINESS DIGEST D1 Science Times New surveys of the universe confound scientists C1 Mississippi's march to the sea versus engineers C1 Studies suggest the brain can 'see' what the eye cannot C1 Arts/Entertainment Woody Allen and Mia Farrow as collaborators C11 Mark Morris's "Nutcracker" C11 Music: Yo-Yo Ma plays Bach C11 Word and Image:"Frontline" on Iraq C11 Fashion Page B7 For summer, cheery colors seem statement enough Obituaries D19 Sir Robert Jackson, a former major official at U.N. Roger Tubby, journalist Sports Baseball: Strawberry's new dawn with Dodgers B9 Basketball: Knicks lose to Hawks B9 Villanova beats Georgetown B10 Football: Gambles pay off for Giants B9 Hockey: Sixth loss in a row for Devils B10 Editorials/Letters/Op-Ed Editorials A18 The stakes in the gulf No aid for repressive Moscow A "guarantee" for graduates Letters A18 Russell Baker: Some wimp stuff A19 A. M. Rosenthal: The New World Order dies A19 Daniel Patrick Moynihan: Bush should show restraint A19 Bob Dole: Your move, Mr. Hussein A19 Czeslaw Milosz: Moscow's poisoned tomato A19

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For Lithuanian-Americans, the News About Home Seems Terrible Indeed

Date: 14 January 1991

By Ari L. Goldman

Ari Goldman

Alina and Edward Staknys of Jamaica, Queens, are preoccupied by the news these days. They pore over newspapers, listen to reports by two radio stations at once and wait anxiously for television news broadcasts. Their fascination with the news has nothing to do with the threat of war in the Persian Gulf region, but with the Communist crackdown in the country where they both grew up, Lithuania.

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First Executive In Policy Talks

Date: 15 January 1991

The First Executive Corporation, an insurance company suffering heavy losses because of its investment in troubled "junk bonds," is negotiating the transfer of up to $2.3 billion of liabilities to the Hartford Life Insurance Company. The liabilities come in the form of annual-premium life insurance policies, in which customers make premium payments yearly. The reinsurance deal would strengthen First Executive's balance sheet and is intended to increase confidence in the company, said Bill Adams, a spokesman for First Executive. "This would establish a second level of safety," Mr. Adams said. The policies would be "backed by both companies," he added. First Executive holds about 200,000 annual-premium life insurance policies, which appear on the company's balance sheet as about $2.3 billion worth of liabilities. Mr. Adams declined to specify the number of policies that could be transferred. If the deal, which is still in the discussion stages, is completed, Hartford would take over responsibility for the policies. Separately, First Executive has completed an agreement with some noteholders and banks under which it would refinance $275 million in debt by exchanging cash and new notes for old notes.

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