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Date: 22 August 1913
Bruno Pontecorvo Aniversari, data de naixement
Bruno Pontecorvo (Italian: [ponteˈkɔrvo]; Russian: Бру́но Макси́мович Понтеко́рво, Bruno Maksimovich Pontecorvo; 22 August 1913 – 24 September 1993) was an Italian–Russian nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi and the author of numerous studies in high energy physics, especially on neutrinos. A convinced communist, he defected to the Soviet Union in 1950, where he continued his research on the decay of the muon and on neutrinos. The prestigious Pontecorvo Prize was instituted in his memory in 1995.
The fourth of eight children of a wealthy Jewish-Italian family, Pontecorvo studied physics at the Sapienza University, under Fermi, becoming the youngest of his Via Panisperna boys. In 1934 he participated in Fermi's famous experiment showing the properties of slow neutrons that led the way to the discovery of nuclear fission. He moved to Paris in 1936, where he conducted research under Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Influenced by his cousin, Emilio Sereni, he joined the Italian Communist Party, whose leaders were in Paris as refugees, and as did his sisters Giuliana and Laura and brother Gillo. The Italian Fascist regime's 1938 racial laws against Jews caused his family members to leave Italy for Britain, France and the United States.
When the German Army closed in on Paris during the Second World War, Pontecorvo, his brother Gillo, cousin Emilio Sereni and Salvador Luria fled the city on bicycles. He eventually made his way to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he applied his knowledge of nuclear physics to prospecting for oil and minerals. In 1943, he joined the British Tube Alloys team at the Montreal Laboratory in Canada. This became part of the Manhattan Project to develop the first atomic bombs. At Chalk River Laboratories, he worked on the design of the nuclear reactor ZEEP, the first reactor outside of the United States, which went critical in 1945, followed by the NRX reactor in 1947. He also looked into cosmic rays, the decay of muons, and what would become his speciality, neutrinos. He moved to Britain in 1949, where he worked for the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell.
After his defection to the Soviet Union in 1950, he worked at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna. He had proposed using chlorine to detect neutrinos. In a 1959 paper, he argued that the electron neutrino (ν
e) and the muon neutrino (ν
μ) were different particles. Solar neutrinos were detected by the Homestake experiment, but only between one third and one half of the predicted number were found. In response to this solar neutrino problem, he proposed a phenomenon known as neutrino oscillation, whereby electron neutrinos became muon neutrinos. The existence of the oscillations was finally established by the Super-Kamiokande experiment in 1998. He also predicted in 1958 that supernovae would produce intense bursts of neutrinos, which was confirmed in 1987 when Supernova SN1987A was detected by neutrino detectors.
- Aniversari, data de naixement
- divendres, 22 d’agost de 1913
- Lloc de naixement
- Pisa
- Edat
- 112
- Horòscop
- ♌
El 22 d’agost de 1913 era un divendres sota el signe estrella de ♌. Era el 233 dia de l'any. El president dels Estats Units era Woodrow Wilson.
Si vas néixer aquest dia, tens 112 anys. El teu darrer aniversari va ser el divendres, 22 d’agost de 2025, fa 50 dies. El teu proper aniversari és el dissabte, 22 d’agost de 2026, d'aquí a 314 dies. Heu viscut durant 40.958 dies, o unes 983.000 hores, o uns 58.980.042 minuts, o uns 3.538.802.520 segons.
Algunes persones que comparteixen aquest aniversari:
- Deng Xiaoping (diplomàtic, periodista, polític, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1904)
- Kristen Wiig (actor de cinema, actor de televisió, actor de veu, comediant, guionista, productor de cinema, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1973)
- James Corden (actor, actor de cinema, actor de teatre, actor de televisió, autobiògraf, comediant, guionista, presentador de televisió, productor de cinema, productor de televisió, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1978)
- Layne Staley (cantant, cantautor, compositor, guitarrista, músic, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1967)
- Claude Debussy (compositor, crític musical, músic, pianista, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1862)
- Richard Armitage (actor de cinema, actor de teatre, actor de televisió, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1971)
- Chiranjeevi (actor, actor de cinema, polític, productor de cinema, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1955)
- Antoni de Pàdua (frare franciscà, prevere, Nascut el 15 d’agost de 1195)
- Ty Burrell (actor, actor de cinema, actor de teatre, actor de televisió, actor de veu, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1967)
- Ray Bradbury (escriptor, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1920)
- Leni Riefenstahl (actor, actor de cinema, ballarí, director de cinema, fotògraf, guionista, muntador, productor de cinema, realitzador, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1902)
- Andrew Wilson (actor, director de cinema, productor de cinema, realitzador, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1964)
- Artyom Dzyuba (bloguer, futbolista, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1988)
- Rodrigo Santoro (actor, actor de cinema, actor de televisió, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1975)
- Borís Godunov (oprítxnik, polític, Nascut el 12 d’agost de 1552)
- Giada De Laurentiis (actor, cuiner, escriptor, periodista, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1970)
- Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje (actor, actor de cinema, actor de televisió, director de cinema, guionista, model, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1967)
- Kay Cannon (actor, actor de televisió, director de cinema, guionista, productor de cinema, productor de televisió, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1974)
- Tori Amos (artista d'estudi, cantautor, clavicembalista, compositor, músic, pianista, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1963)
- Yukiko Okada (actor, actor de cinema, cantant, model, pianista, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1967)
- David Chase (director de televisió, guionista, productor de cinema, productor de televisió, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1945)
- GZA (artista d'estudi, cantant, músic, raper, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1966)
- Roland Orzabal (cantant, cantautor, guitarrista, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1961)
- Valerie Harper (actor, actor de cinema, actor de teatre, actor de televisió, escriptor, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1939)
- Honor Blackman (actor, actor de cinema, actor de teatre, cantant, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1925)
- Norman Schwarzkopf (oficial, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1934)
- Uhaa Nation (lluitador professional, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1987)
- Mark Williams (actor de cinema, actor de teatre, actor de televisió, comediant, guionista, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1959)
- Howie Dorough (accionista, actor, artista d'estudi, cantant, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1973)
- Cindy Williams (actor, actor de cinema, actor de televisió, actor de veu, productor de cinema, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1947)
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- Ross Marquand (actor de cinema, actor de teatre, actor de televisió, actor de veu, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1981)
- Dorothy Parker (columnista, compositor de cançons, crític literari, dialoguista, escriptor, guionista, periodista, poeta, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1893)
- Rick Yune (actor, actor de cinema, actor de televisió, guionista, model, productor de cinema, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1971)
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- John Lee Hooker (artista d'estudi, cantant, cantautor, compositor, guitarrista, músic, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1917)
- Bill Parcells (Entrenador de futbol americà, entrenador, jugador de futbol americà, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1941)
- Henri Cartier-Bresson (director de cinema, fotoperiodista, fotògraf, periodista, pintor, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1908)
- Karlheinz Stockhausen (compositor, musicòleg, músic, pedagog musical, professor d'universitat, teòric musical, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1928)
- Jorge Linares (boxejador, Nascut el 22 d’agost de 1985)
22nd of August 1913 News
Notícies tal com van aparèixer a la portada del New York Times el 22 d’agost de 1913
FINANCIAL MARKETS; Prices Recover After Sharp Decline -- Mexican News a Large Factor -- Money Improvement.
Date: 23 August 1913